1. Patients with urinary retention or bladder outlet obstruction: Patients with urinary retention who require temporary relief or long-term drainage if medication is ineffective and there is no indication for surgical treatment.
2. Urinary incontinence: To alleviate the suffering of terminally ill patients; when other non-invasive measures such as medication or incontinence pads fail to provide relief and the patient cannot accept the use of an external urine collection device.
3. Accurate monitoring of urine output: When frequent monitoring of urine output is required, such as in critically ill patients.
4. Patients who cannot or do not wish to collect urine: Such as patients undergoing long-term surgery under general or spinal anesthesia; perioperative patients requiring urological or obstetric/gynecological surgery.
5. Patients requiring prolonged bed rest or forced positioning: Such as patients with potential instability in the thoracic or lumbar spine, or multiple injuries such as pelvic fractures.
6. Perioperative use during surgery: Patients undergoing urological or other surgeries near the urogenital tract; patients whose surgery may be prolonged (in which case the inserted catheter needs to be removed after anesthesia recovery); patients who may require large amounts of intravenous fluids or diuretics during surgery; and patients requiring intraoperative urine output monitoring.
